Peruvian culture and society

Peru is a fascinating country where ancient traditions are interwoven with modernity. The strong influence of ancient civilizations such as the Indians and Incas can still be felt in its culture and society. This can be seen in the unique dances, costumes and rituals associated with the country's religion and fertility.
The Peruvians are proud of their history and keep their traditions alive in modern life. The close connection with nature and a variety of ethnic groups make the country a unique blend of cultural elements. Peru is also a place where nature and man exist in harmony. Each town has its own unique history, and cultural festivals bring people together in a joyful atmosphere.

Peru's social characteristics are the result of a long history, cultural influences and social changes. Here are some key aspects of Peru's social structure:

Ethnic and socio-cultural diversity: Peru is a multi-ethnic country with a rich mosaic of population groups. The main ethnic groups include Amerindians (or members of indigenous cultures), mestizos (descendants of intermarriages between Europeans and indigenous people), Europeans and Africans. Ethnicity often influences social opportunities and status in society.

Survival strategies and family values: Traditional family values persist in some areas of Peru. The family plays an important role in people's lives and support from relatives is seen as an important aspect of social security. In rural areas, agricultural and craft skills are passed down from generation to generation.

Economic inequality: Peru faces major challenges in the area of economic inequality. A large percentage of the population lives in poverty, especially in rural areas. Limited access to education and healthcare complicates the situation.

Religious influences: Religious traditions play an important role in Peru's social life. Catholicism, which was introduced by the Europeans, is still the predominant religion. However, the influence of traditional Indian beliefs is also present in daily life, especially in rural areas.

Education and access to knowledge: Education issues in Peru are also linked to social inequalities. In some areas, access to quality education is limited, creating barriers to social mobility.

Urban-rural divide: There is a clear difference between life in the city and in the countryside. Cities offer more opportunities in terms of education, employment and cultural activities, while rural areas often face limited resources and poverty.

Peru's social characteristics form a complex fabric in which different aspects of culture, history and economy are interwoven and compete with each other. These characteristics continue to be shaped by the challenges and changes of the present.

Clothing

• Comfortable pants, T-shirts, shirts and jackets are suitable for casual walks and excursions. Shorts, miniskirts and low necklines should be avoided.
• Shoulders and knees should be covered when visiting religious sites. Women should wear a blouse with sleeves and a skirt below the knees or trousers. Men should wear a shirt and trousers.
• In upscale restaurants for men - pants, shirt and jacket or cardigan. Women should wear a dress, skirt or pants with a blouse and loafers.

Topics for discussion

• Avoid political discussions, especially criticism of local politicians.
• Do not mention drugs, even if they are traditional plants such as coca. This is a taboo.
• Be careful with the topic of religion. Do not criticize the church or religious practices.
• Do not ask the locals questions about finances and property. This is considered indecent.

Beggars and photos

• Politely say "No, thank you" if you are pushed or asked for money.
• Only give a small tip (1-2 soles) if you have actually received a favor, e.g. shining your shoes.
• Take photos of people with their consent and after a conversation. Don't just pay for the opportunity to take a photo.

Greeting

• Say "Buenos días", "Buenas tardes" or "Buenas noches" as a greeting, depending on the time of day.
• To say goodbye, say "Adiós" or "Hasta luego". Say it to sales clerks in stores too.
• Shake hands when you introduce yourself and say goodbye. Be careful with kisses on the cheek.

Gestures

• Do not call out to anyone with your finger or hand. Wave your palm up and down to invite them in.
• Locals prefer not to touch strangers. Shake their hand gently without applying pressure.

Take photographs

• You must not take photos of military facilities, the police or airports.
• In churches and museums, you should ask permission. Sometimes photos/videos are prohibited.

Punctuality

• Peruvians are often 30-60 minutes late for personal appointments. This is normal.
• If the time is given as hora inglesa (English time), then the meeting is right on schedule.

When visiting Peru, it is important to respect the local culture and traditions. Try to follow the rules of etiquette in terms of dress, behavior and interaction with locals. Be prepared for the unpunctuality of Peruvians and do not take unpunctuality as disrespect. Try to follow local customs and your stay in Peru will be pleasant and interesting.